Is It Dementia? Understanding the early warning signs and how to prevent it

Jeevitha G Ramesh

As the global population continues to age, dementia has become an increasingly important health concern. Early detection is crucial for managing the condition, but many people are unsure of what to look for. How do you distinguish between normal ageing and the early signs of dementia? Recognizing the symptoms early can lead to better management and improved quality of life.

What Is Dementia?

Dementia is a broad term used to describe a range of symptoms associated with cognitive decline, such as memory loss, impaired judgment, and difficulties with reasoning or language. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, but other types, such as vascular dementia and Lewy body dementia, share similar symptoms. Dementia primarily affects people over the age of 65, though early-onset dementia can occur in younger individuals as well.

Key Early Warning Signs of Dementia

Recognizing the early signs of dementia is crucial for seeking early intervention and support. While some symptoms may resemble normal age-related changes, others may signal cognitive decline. Here are some signs to watch out for:

Memory loss and forgetfulness are common early indicators. While occasional forgetfulness is normal, people with dementia often forget important dates, names, or recent conversations. They may repeatedly ask the same questions or struggle to recall familiar events.

Difficulty in completing familiar tasks is another sign. A person with dementia may find it challenging to manage everyday activities that were once second nature, such as cooking a meal, following a recipe, or managing finances. These tasks may become increasingly difficult because dementia impairs the brain's ability to process and execute routine actions.

Confusion about time and place is a frequent symptom. Someone with dementia might lose track of time, forget where they are, or not recognize familiar places. This confusion can lead to increased anxiety or disorientation, especially when they are in an unfamiliar environment or cannot recall how they arrived there.

Language problems are also common. Individuals with dementia may struggle to find the right words during conversations or may use the wrong words entirely. They may frequently repeat themselves or have difficulty following or participating in a conversation, which can lead to frustration and embarrassment.

Changes in mood and personality are often seen early on. A person with dementia may become more irritable, anxious, or withdrawn. They might experience mood swings or become suspicious or fearful without clear reasons. Such shifts in behaviour can impact relationships and confuse friends and family members.

Why Early Diagnosis Matters

An early diagnosis of dementia is critical because it allows individuals to access treatment options that can help manage symptoms and slow the disease's progression. Although there is currently no cure for dementia, early intervention can improve the quality of life, delay the worsening of symptoms, and allow individuals and families to plan for the future. Medications, cognitive therapies, and lifestyle changes can all play a role in managing dementia and maintaining independence for as long as possible.

Preventative Tips: Can You Lower the Risk of Dementia?

While genetics and age are risk factors that can't be changed, several lifestyle choices can help reduce the risk of developing dementia. Here are some preventative tips that can help maintain brain health:

Staying physically active is one of the most effective ways to reduce the risk of dementia. Regular exercise increases blood flow to the brain, which can help keep cognitive functions sharp. Engaging in activities such as walking, swimming, or yoga can improve overall brain health. It's recommended to aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise each week.

Keeping the brain stimulated is also essential for cognitive health. Activities like reading, solving puzzles, learning new skills, or playing memory-enhancing games can help maintain mental sharpness. Engaging in new and challenging tasks can build cognitive reserve and protect against age-related cognitive decline.

A healthy diet plays a critical role in brain health. Eating nutrient-rich foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats, can support cognitive function. Omega-3 fatty acids are particularly beneficial for the brain. Limiting the intake of processed foods, sugary snacks, and unhealthy fats can also reduce the risk of developing dementia.

Maintaining strong social connections is important for both mental and emotional well-being. Staying socially active by spending time with friends, participating in community events, or volunteering can reduce the risk of dementia. Social interaction helps keep the brain engaged and can provide emotional support, which is vital for overall health.

Managing chronic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol can lower the risk of dementia. These conditions can increase the risk of cognitive decline, so it's important to stay on top of treatment plans, maintain regular check-ups with your Doctor, and follow prescribed lifestyle recommendations to manage these conditions effectively.

Getting enough sleep is essential for brain health. Sleep allows the brain to rest, repair, and consolidate memories. Chronic sleep deprivation has been linked to cognitive decline and an increased risk of dementia. Aim for 7-8 hours of quality sleep each night and try to maintain a consistent sleep schedule.

When to Seek Help

If you or a loved one notice any of the symptoms mentioned above, it's important to seek help from a neurologist. A healthcare professional specializing in brain health can conduct assessments to determine whether dementia is present. Early diagnosis allows for better management and opens the door to treatment options that can make a meaningful difference in the quality of life for those affected.

Dementia is a complex condition, but recognizing its early signs can make a big difference. By taking steps to stay physically and mentally active, eat a healthy diet, and maintain a strong social network,

you can reduce your risk of developing dementia. If you notice symptoms of cognitive decline, consulting with a neurologist as soon as possible is vital for early intervention. With the right support and care, those living with dementia can continue to lead fulfilling and meaningful lives.

[The author holds a PhD (Neuroscience and Public Health)]