Fragrance and Fortune: Jasmine Farming in South India
Jasmine, known for its enchanting fragrance and cultural importance, holds a special place in the hearts and homes of South India. Whether it’s for daily puja, weddings, or festivals, jasmine flowers are widely used in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Kerala. But beyond its sweet scent lies a thriving rural economy. In recent years, jasmine farming has become a strong source of income for thousands of small farmers, especially women, bringing both fragrance and fortune to their lives.
A Flower of Tradition and devotion
Jasmine, locally known as “mallige” in Kannada, “malli” in Tamil, and “mallepuvvu” in Telugu, is deeply rooted in South Indian traditions. Women wear jasmine garlands in their hair as a symbol of beauty and freshness, while temples are decorated with jasmine strands during rituals and festivals. This constant cultural demand ensures that jasmine has a year-round market, especially in urban and temple towns like Madurai, Mysuru, Vijayawada, and Kochi.
Jasmine Varieties and Growing Regions
Several jasmine varieties are grown across South India, each suited to specific climates and soil types:
Madurai Malli (Jasminum sambac): Famous for its thick petals and strong fragrance.
Mysore Mallige: Grown widely in Karnataka, known for its long shelf life.
Coimbatore Malli and Udupi Mallige are also popular for local markets.
These varieties are typically grown on small farms ranging from half to two acres, often on the outskirts of towns or even in backyard gardens.
Economic Opportunities for Rural Families
Jasmine farming offers high returns with relatively low investment, making it ideal for marginal and landless farmers. The plant starts flowering within 6–8 months of planting and continues for up to 10 years with proper care. Flowers are harvested early morning and sold fresh, often within a few hours.
In peak seasons, a jasmine farmer can earn ₹1,000–₹3,000 per day per acre, depending on market prices and yield. During festivals and wedding seasons, prices can shoot up to ₹800–₹1,200 per kilogram. This steady and sometimes premium income makes jasmine farming a reliable economic option in rural areas.
Role of Women and Family Farming
In most jasmine-growing households, women play a central role — from plucking the flowers to stringing garlands and selling them in local markets. It is one of the few farming activities where women contribute equally, if not more, to the final product. The work is often done in the early hours, allowing women to balance other household duties.
Additionally, many self-help groups and women’s cooperatives have developed jasmine-based businesses, providing training, packaging support, and better market access. This has not only improved incomes but also boosted the confidence and independence of rural women.
Market Linkages and Exports
Jasmine flowers are sold in wholesale flower markets, directly to temples, or to city vendors. Madurai and Mysuru are famous centers for jasmine trade. In recent years, jasmine oil — extracted from the flowers — has gained popularity in the perfume and cosmetic industries, both in India and abroad. Exporters from Chennai and Bengaluru now ship jasmine buds and essential oils to the Middle East, Europe, and Southeast Asia, expanding the market beyond the local level.
Challenges Faced by Jasmine Farmers
Despite its economic promise, jasmine farming comes with challenges:
Pest attacks and fungal diseases can affect yields.
Flowers are highly perishable, requiring quick transport and sale.
Price fluctuations depending on season, demand, and festival calendar.
Lack of access to cold storage and packaging technology affects quality during transportation.
The Way Forward
To support jasmine farmers, the government and agri-research centers should promote:
Integrated pest management and organic practices.
Better infrastructure for transport and cold storage.
Training programs in value addition, such as perfume extraction or dried flower craft.
Direct farmer-to-market models to reduce middlemen exploitation.
Jasmine farming in South India is not just about cultivating flowers; it is about nurturing livelihoods, traditions, and aspirations. Its blend of cultural charm and economic value makes it a fragrant success for rural families. With the right support and innovation, jasmine can continue to bring prosperity, one petal at a time.
