IISc study creates venom maps to predict snakebites

New Delhi

Researchers from the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, have created venom maps of Russell’s viper, one of India’s deadliest snakes. These maps, developed using local climate data like temperature, humidity, and rainfall, could help doctors better understand and treat snakebite cases. The study was published in the journal PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.

Dr. Kartik Sunagar from IISc’s Centre for Ecological Sciences highlighted the viper’s danger, stating that Russell’s viper is responsible for more deaths and injuries than any other snake. He explained that venom’s toxic effects are linked to enzymes, whose behavior can vary depending on environmental factors such as prey availability and climate.

To understand this better, researchers collected venom samples from 115 vipers across 34 Indian locations. They tested the venom’s enzyme activity—especially those that break down proteins, phospholipids, and amino acids. The study found that snakes in drier regions had higher levels of protease activity, which breaks down proteins.

By combining this enzyme data with regional climate information, the team developed venom maps showing how venom properties differ by area. These maps can help medical professionals anticipate symptoms of Russell’s viper bites in different parts of India and tailor treatments accordingly.

The findings may also aid in developing more precise therapies, like toxin-specific antibodies, leading to improved outcomes for snakebite victims across the country.