Slug: Ebola Mutation

Beijing

Chinese researchers have identified a key mutation in the Ebola virus that increased its infectivity during the 2018–2020 outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). This outbreak, the second-largest in history, caused over 3,000 infections and more than 2,000 deaths.

Published in the journal Cell, the study analyzed 480 complete Ebola virus genomes. Researchers found a mutation in the viral glycoprotein, called GP-V75A, which emerged early in the epidemic. This variant rapidly replaced the original strain, closely matching the rise in cases, suggesting it gave the virus a transmission advantage.

Professor Qian Jun of Sun Yat-sen University said real-time genome surveillance and evolutionary analysis are essential during outbreaks. “It helps warn of changes in transmission risk and assess the effectiveness of drugs and vaccines,” he explained. Experiments confirmed that GP-V75A increased the virus’s ability to infect different host cells and mice.

The study also revealed that the mutation reduced the effectiveness of some antiviral antibodies and entry inhibitors, raising concerns about potential drug resistance. These findings highlight the need for ongoing monitoring of viral evolution during outbreaks.

Professor Jun emphasized that understanding how viral mutations drive transmission can help authorities adjust control strategies in advance. He added that insights from such research are crucial not only for Ebola but also for preparing for future emerging infectious diseases.

The study underscores the importance of global genomic surveillance, rapid response, and the development of broad-spectrum therapies to counter evolving viral threats. By identifying dangerous mutations like GP-V75A, scientists aim to improve epidemic preparedness and guide the design of more effective vaccines and treatments for Ebola and other viral diseases.